Involves placing a radioactive source inside or next to the tumour, delivering a high dose of radiation directly to the cancer while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Commonly used for prostate, cervical, and breast cancers.

• Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) – Administered during surgery, IORT delivers radiation directly to the tumour bed, reducing treatment time and exposure to healthy tissue.
• 1-Week Radiotherapy Protocols – Suitable for select cases, this approach shortens the total treatment duration while maintaining effectiveness.

• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - Help T cells recognise and attack cancer cells by blocking proteins that suppress immune responses. Commonly used in cancers like lung cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, and head and neck cancers. Commonly used in lymphomas, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer.
• Monoclonal Antibodies - Laboratory-made proteins that bind to specific cancer cell markers and trigger an immune response. Commonly used in lymphomas, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer.
• Immunomodulators - Drugs that modify the immune system’s activity, either enhancing or suppressing it. In cancer care, they are used to boost immune responses, especially in blood cancers like multiple myeloma.
• Cancer Vaccines - Stimulate the immune system to target cancer cells by recognising specific antigens.

• Monoclonal antibodies: These large molecules attach to specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, triggering an immune response or blocking signals needed for tumour growth. Some monoclonal antibodies are also linked to toxic agents to directly kill cancer cells.
• Small molecule inhibitors: These drugs are small enough to enter cancer cells and disrupt internal signals and processes essential for survival and replication.
• Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT): Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) uses alpha-emitting radionuclides, attached to molecules that precisely target cancer cells, delivering high-energy radiation to destroy tumors while minimizing harm to healthy tissue.