前列腺癌是影响大马男性的第四大最普遍癌症，预计比率在未来数年还会继续上升。这属于慢性成长癌症，通常影响50岁以上的男性。前列腺是核桃大小的腺体，仅在男性直肠前的膀胱下方发现，负责制造形成精液部分的液体。
Type of Prostate Cancer
- Adenocarcinomas – Found in the glands that secrete prostate fluid, which is found in semen.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms become apparent when the prostate has enlarged affecting the urethra. Symptoms of advanced prostate cancer inclusive of:
- Difficulty in urinating
- Blood in the urine
- The urge for more frequent urination
- Pain in the bones due to cancer metastasis to the bone
- Painful ejaculation
病阶
| Stage | Sites |
|---|---|
| I | Cancer is confined to the prostate and can’t be detected with a digital rectal exam. |
| II | Cancer may be detected during a digital rectal exam. |
| III | Cancer is in tissues near the prostate. |
| IV | Cancer has invaded other parts of the body, such as the rectum, nearby lymph nodes or bone. |
Diagnosis
Blood test
Digital rectal examination (DRE)
Involves inserting a lubricated and gloved finger into the rectum to feel for the consistency and size of the prostate gland.
Biopsy
Guiding of a small probe into the rectum and removes a small tissue sample from the prostate for further examination.
Computerized Tomography (CT) scan
To detect the blood flow and anatomy of tissues in and around the prostate.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
To detect the cancerous cells before tumours or structural changes are present.
Measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
To detect early prostate cancer.
Treatment
Treatment of fast-growing prostate cancer involves:
Surgery (Radical prostatectomy)
The removal of the prostate gland is an option for localized lesion and locally advanced prostate cancer.
化疗
化疗是使用抗癌药物杀死癌细胞，无论他们是在体内的哪个部位。化疗不会根除癌细胞，可是旨在缩小及缓慢其成长。这可以帮助男性活得更长久，同时协助控制或是延缓病症如疼痛。
Radiosurgery
Radiosurgery is non-invasive and there is no cutting involved. It is a high level of radiation beams to precisely target and destroy cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy
is a cancer treatment that uses drugs. But it is different from traditional chemotherapy, which also uses drugs to treat cancer. Targeted therapy works by targeting cancer’s specific genes
Radiotherapy
is a treatment where radiation is used to kill cancer cells. They damage cancer cells and stop them from growing or spreading in the body.
Halcyon Radiotherapy System
Halcyon Radiotherapy System at Beacon Hospital enables:
- Fast and precise X-ray dose delivered to each tumour with high accuracy over a minimum number of treatment sessions
- Reduces unwanted radiation dose, thus, minimising side effects
Unlike any other radiation delivery system, the Halcyon technology’s beam-on time could be as fast as 1-minute plus. Its gantry rotates 4 times faster than a standard linear accelerator and its multi-leaf collimator (MLC) can move twice faster than traditional MLCs. All of these features help in improving the time it takes to treat the patients.
