Targeted cancer therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses medications to precisely target cancer cells while having minimal impact on healthy cells. This is accomplished by obstructing the molecular targets that are fuelling the rapid growth of cancer cells, which are typically changed genes or proteins unique to cancer cells. These molecular changes might be found inside cancer cells, on their surface, or in the vicinity of the tumour surrounding. Because it specifically targets certain alterations or materials in cancer cells, this customised approach to treatment is sometimes referred to as precision medicine.

Many types of cancer can be treated with targeted therapy. Additionally, it can be used in conjunction with other cancer therapies such as chemotherapy. Although there are currently no effective targeted medicines for all cancers, this field of study is expanding quickly, and numerous novel targeted therapies are being investigated in clinical trials.