In Malaysia, cervical cancer is the third most common cancer (National Cancer Society Malaysia, 2019). Every year, approximately 2,000 Malaysian women are diagnosed with cervical cancer.
The leading cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection is related to 99% of cervical cancer cases. High-risk HPV subtypes alone (HPV-16 and HPV -18) have been identified to be the cause of at least 70% of cervical cancer (World Health Organization, 2019).
Cervical cancer develops from the abnormal cells of the cervix. It is usually due to persistent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cellular damage to healthy cells.
