Oncology

Oncology encompasses several subspecialties, including medical oncology, surgical oncology, and radiation oncology. Medical oncologists focus on systemic treatments such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, while surgical oncologists perform operations to remove tumours. Radiation oncologists specialise in using radiation therapy to treat cancer. This multidisciplinary approach ensures that patients receive tailored care based on their specific cancer type, stage, and individual needs.

Oncologists not only diagnose and treat cancer but also play a crucial role in guiding patients through their treatment options, discussing potential benefits and side effects, and managing treatment toxicities, assessment of treatment response and post-treatment care. Their commitment extends beyond treatment, as they also provide support and resources to enhance the quality of life for patients and their families.

Oncologists offer a variety of treatments tailored to the specific needs of cancer patients. These treatments can be broadly categorised into three main types:

• Surgical Treatments: Surgical oncologists perform operations to remove tumours and surrounding tissue. This approach is often used when cancer is localised and can be effectively excised.
• Medical Treatments: Medical oncologists utilise systemic therapies, which include:
  • Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
  • Immunotherapy: Treatments that help the immune system recognise and attack cancer cells.
  • Targeted Therapy: Drugs designed to target specific genetic mutations or pathways involved in cancer growth.
  • Hormone therapy: Used to slow down or stop the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors.
• Radiotherapy: Radiation oncologists use high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells or shrink tumours. This treatment can be used alone or in conjunction with surgery and chemotherapy.